Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusiga

Ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi ni igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka za modoka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi bw'amato, imashini z'ubuhanga, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, n'ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi. Inshingano yabyo nyamukuru ni ugushyira amarangi ku buso bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo bikore amarangi akingira, ay'ubwiza, n'ay'imikorere. Bitewe n'imiterere y'imikorere igoye mu gihe cyo gusiga amarangi, irimo umwuka utemba, ibinyobwa, ifu, imiti, kumisha ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'ibintu byangiza, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi bigomba kuba byizewe mu mikorere no guhuza ibintu kugira ngo bikore neza igihe kirekire, amarangi meza, n'umutekano mu mikorere.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusiga bisaba ko injeniyeri zisobanukirwa neza imikorere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye no gufata ibyemezo birambuye hashingiwe ku mikorere y'ibikoresho, ibisabwa mu mikorere, n'amahame y'ubukungu. Abakora ibikoresho byo gusiga bazasesengura ibisabwa n'imitwaro n'ibikoresho by'ibice bihuriweho hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho byo gusiga, basuzume uburyo ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gusiga, n'ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo, kandi batange ingamba zirambuye n'uburyo bwo guteza imbere uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywa.

I. Imiterere y'ibanze n'ibice by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho byo gusiga

Ibikoresho byo gusiga ubusanzwe bigizwe na sisitemu yo gutunganya mbere y’uko ikoreshwa, sisitemu yo gutanga irangi, ibikoresho byo gutera imiti, sisitemu yo kohereza ibintu, ibikoresho byo kumisha, sisitemu yo kugarura ibintu, sisitemu yo guhumeka n’iy’imyotsi, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. Imiterere yayo iragoye, kandi ibidukikije biyikorerwamo biratandukanye. Buri sisitemu ikora imirimo itandukanye, isaba ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere y’uko bukoreshwa burimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, n’imiti ikomeye ihumanya.

Uburyo bwo gutera imyuka bukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka, ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amashanyarazi, n'ingaruka ziterwa n'amashanyarazi.

Sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu igomba gutwara uburemere bw'ibikoresho kandi igakora igihe kirekire.

Ibikoresho byumuka birimo ibibazo byo gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Sisitemu yo guhumeka isaba imiyoboro irinda ingese kandi irwanya gusaza hamwe n'ibyuma by'abafana.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya no gusana imyuka ihumanya bugomba gufata imyuka n'umukungugu bishobora gushya, guturika, cyangwa kwangiza cyane.

Bityo rero, guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba guhuza n'imiterere yihariye y'akazi ka buri gace k'imikorere, nta buryo bumwe bujyanye na byose.

II. Amahame y'ibanze yo guhitamo ibikoresho mu bikoresho byo gusiga

Mu guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibice bitandukanye, amahame shingiro akurikira agomba gukurikizwa:

1Shyira imbere kurwanya ingese

Kubera ko uburyo bwo gusiga akenshi bukoresha ibintu bihumanya nk'ibinyabutabire bya aside na alkaline, ibinyabutabire by'umwimerere, ibinyabutabire, n'ibintu bisukura, ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kugira ngo birinde ingese, gutobora no kwangirika kw'imiterere.

2.Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe buhamye

Ibice bikora mu byumba byumishamo ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa mu matanura bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, bihuye neza n’ubushyuhe, kandi birwanya gusaza kw’ubushyuhe kugira ngo bihangane n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe n’ihungabana ry’ubushyuhe.

3.Imbaraga za mashini n'ubudahangarwa

Ibice by’inyubako, sisitemu zo guterura, inzira, n’ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga zihagije no kudacika intege kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza nta guhindagurika kw’ibintu.

4.Ubuso bworoshye kandi bworoshye gusukura

Ibikoresho byo gusiga bishobora kwanduzwa n’ibisigazwa, ivumbi n’ibindi bihumanya, bityo ibikoresho bigomba kugira ubuso bworoshye, ubushobozi bwo gufata neza, kandi bigasukurwa byoroshye kugira ngo byoroshye kubibungabunga.

5.Ikoranabuhanga ryiza mu gutunganya no guteranya

Ibikoresho bigomba kuba byoroshye gukata, gusudira, gupfunyika, gukaranga, cyangwa se gukorerwa ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho, bigahuzwa no gukora no guteranya ibikoresho bigoye.

6.Ubudahangarwa bwo kwambara no kuramba

Ibice bikunze gukora cyangwa bifite aho bihurira bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza kugira ngo byongere igihe cyo gukora no kugabanya inshuro zo kubikora.

7.Ibisabwa ku gukingira amashanyarazi cyangwa gukoresha amashanyarazi

Ku bikoresho byo guteramo imashini hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo gukingira amashanyarazi neza; mu gihe ibikoresho birinda ubutaka bisaba ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi neza.

III. Isesengura ry'uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywa mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu gusiga

1. Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere y'igihe (Gukuraho amavuta, Gukuraho ingese, Fosfeti, nibindi)

Uburyo bwo gutunganya mbere y’uko ibintu bivurwa akenshi busaba imiti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubuso bw’ibikoresho hakoreshejwe aside cyangwa alkaline ishyushye cyane. Iki gipimo kirangiza cyane, bigatuma guhitamo ibikoresho biba ingenzi cyane.

Ibyifuzo ku bikoresho:

Icyuma kidashonga 304/316: Gikoreshwa cyane mu gukurura no gukuraho amavuta mu bigega n'imiyoboro, gifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa aside na alkaline ndetse kikanarwanya ingese.

Amasahani y'icyuma ya pulasitiki (PP, PVC, PE, n'ibindi): Akwiriye ahantu hafite aside nyinshi, hahendutse kandi harwanya ingese cyane. Titanium Alloy cyangwa FRP: Ikora neza ahantu hafite ingese nyinshi kandi hashyushye cyane ariko ku giciro cyo hejuru.

2. Sisitemu yo gutera (Imbunda zo gutera, Ibiraro byo gutera)

Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutera imiti ni ugupima irangi, kugenzura uko ritembera, no gukumira irangi ryiyongera ndetse n'ingaruka zo gusohora irangi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi.

Ibyifuzo ku bikoresho:

Aluminiyumu cyangwa Icyuma Kidafunze: Bikoreshwa mu gushyiramo imbunda zipfundikiye n'imiyoboro y'imbere, bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no koroshya.

Plastiki z'Ubwubatsi (urugero, POM, PTFE): Zikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi mu kwirinda gufunga no kuziba. Ibikoresho birwanya gufunga: Zikoreshwa ku nkuta z'aho batekera irangi mu gukumira gufunga bishobora gutera ibishashi n'ibiturika.

3. Sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu (Inzira, Sisitemu zo kumanika, Iminyururu) Imiyoboro yo gutwikira ikunze gukoresha utumashini two gutwara ibintu tw’iminyururu cyangwa utumashini two gutwara ibintu tw’imizunguruko yo hasi, twikorera imitwaro iremereye kandi gakora igihe kirekire.

Ibyifuzo ku bikoresho:

Icyuma cya Alloy cyangwa Icyuma gishyushye: Gikoreshwa ku dupfunyika, iminyururu, n'inzira zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zidashobora kwangirika neza.

Icyuma kidapfa kwangirika: Kibereye ahantu hashaje cyane, nko mu nzira zo guhindukira cyangwa mu bice birebire.

Sliders za Plastiki z’Ubwubatsi zikomeye: Zikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubukana no gufunga kugira ngo zigabanye urusaku kandi zongere imikorere myiza.

4. Ibikoresho byo kumisha (Ifuru ishyushye, Udusanduku two kumisha) Ahantu ho kumisha hasaba gukomeza gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 150°C–300°C cyangwa hejuru yayo, hakenewe cyane ubushyuhe bw'icyuma.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Icyuma kidashyuha (urugero, 310S):

Ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi idahinduka cyangwa ngo ihinduke.

Ibyuma bya karuboni + Ibyuma bishyuha cyane: Bikwiriye imiyoboro y'amazi yumisha ubushyuhe buri hagati kugeza kuri buri hasi, bihendutse ariko igihe cyo kubaho ni gito.

Uburyo bwo gukingira insinga zitukura: Bukoreshwa mu gukingira inkuta imbere kugira ngo bugabanye ubushyuhe butakaza kandi bunoze imikorere myiza y'ingufu.

5. Sisitemu yo guhumeka no gusohora imyotsi

Ikoreshwa mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka, gukumira ikwirakwira ry'ibintu byangiza n'uburozi, no kurinda ahantu hakorerwa imirimo isukuye n'umutekano w'abakozi.

Ibyifuzo ku bikoresho:

Imiyoboro ya PVC cyangwa PP: Irwanya ingese ya aside na gaze ya alkaline, ikoreshwa cyane mu gusohora imyuka ya aside na alkaline.

Imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese: Ikoreshwa mu gutwara imyuka irimo ibinyabutabire bishyushye cyane cyangwa irangi.

Impellers z'umufana wa Fiberglass: Zoroshye, ntizigwa n'ingufu, kandi zikwiriye ahantu hakoreshwa imiti ihumanya.

6. Ibikoresho byo gusana no gutunganya imyuka ihumanya

Mu gihe cyo gusiga ifu no gusiga ifu hakoreshejwe solvent, ivumbi n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bihinduka (VOCs) birakorwa, bigasaba ko bisubizwa kandi bigatunganywa.

Ibyifuzo ku bikoresho:

Icyuma cya karuboni gifite spray coat + Anti-corrosion coat: Gikoreshwa mu kubikamo ibintu no mu byumba byo gukuramo ivumbi, bihendutse. Ibikoresho bya filter by'icyuma kitagira umukungugu: Bikwiriye ahantu hari solvent nyinshi kandi hari organic corruption nyinshi.

Ibikoresho bya Karuboni Bikora n'ibikoresho byo gutwika: Bikoresha imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bisaba ibyuma cyangwa ibumba birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.

IV. Ibintu bireba ibidukikije n'umutekano mu guhitamo ibikoresho

Amashuri yo gusiga amarangi akunze guhura n'ingaruka zikurikira:

Ubushyuhe n'iturika ry'ibintu bihumanya ikirere: Ibikoresho bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ubudahangarwa, hamwe n'imiyoboro yizewe yo gufunga ubutaka.

Ingaruka zo guturika kw'umukungugu: Irinde ibikoresho bishobora kwirundanya cyangwa gushya, cyane cyane ahantu hafunze.

Kugenzura byimazeyo imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC: Guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kwita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no kwirinda ihumana ry’ibindi.

Imyuka ifite ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa imyuka yangiza: Koresha ibikoresho birwanya ogisijeni, birwanya ingese, n'ibikoresho birwanya ikirere kugira ngo ugabanye inshuro zo kubungabunga ibikoresho.

Mu gihe cyo gushushanya, abakora imiyoboro y’ipamba bagomba gusuzuma uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywamo, imiterere y’inyubako, amahame y’umutekano, n’imiterere y’imikorere kugira ngo birinde gusimburwa kenshi n’ibyago by’umutekano.

V. Ibitekerezo ku bukungu no kubungabunga mu guhitamo ibikoresho

Mu gukora ibikoresho byo gusiga, si ibice byose bisaba ibikoresho bihenze kandi bifite imikorere myiza. Imiterere y’imiterere y’ibikoresho ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ibiciro no kwemeza imikorere:

Ku bice bitari iby'ingenzi, icyuma cya karuboni gihendutse cyangwa plastiki isanzwe birashobora gutoranywa.

Ku bice birimo kwangirika cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho byizewe birwanya kwangirika n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bigomba gukoreshwa.

Ku bice bikunze gusaza, ibice bishobora gusimburwa kandi bidashira bishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere y’ubuziranenge.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso (nk'isuka, irangi rirwanya ingese, amashanyarazi, okisidasiyo, n'ibindi) rituma ibikoresho bisanzwe bikora neza kandi rigasimbura bimwe mu bikoresho fatizo bihenze.

VI. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza n'amabwiriza agenga udushya mu bikoresho

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'imikorere y'inganda mu by'ikoranabuhanga, amategeko agenga ibidukikije, n'inganda zikora ibintu birambye, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bihura n'imbogamizi nshya:

Ibikoresho by'icyatsi kibisi kandi bitangiza ibidukikije

Ibyuma bishya bihumanya ikirere biva mu isanzure, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, kandi bitari uburozi n'ibitari ibyuma bizaba ibintu bikurura abantu benshi.

Ibikoresho bivanze bifite imikorere myiza

Gukoresha pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu gukurura ibyuma bya fiberglass, fibre ya karuboni, n'ibindi bizafasha mu kongera ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu, kurwanya ingese, no gukomera kw'inyubako.

Porogaramu z'ibikoresho by'ubwenge

"Ibikoresho by'ubwenge"hamwe n’imikorere yo kumenya ubushyuhe, amashanyarazi, no kwisana bizagenda bishyirwa mu bikorwa buhoro buhoro ku bikoresho byo gusiga kugira ngo hongerwe urwego rw’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga n’ubushobozi bwo kumenya amakosa.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga no kunoza imiterere y'ubuso

Gupfuka imitako hakoreshejwe laser, gutera plasma, n'ubundi buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bizamura imikorere y'ibikoresho bisanzwe, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho mu gihe bikongera igihe cyo kubikoresha.