1. Imiterere n'ibice by'ingenzi by'imyanda ikoreshwa mu irangi ripfundikiye
Uburyo bwo gusiga amarangi bukoreshwa cyane mu mashini, imodoka, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, amato, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'izindi nganda.
Irangi ry’ibikoresho fatizo —— irangi rigizwe n’ibintu bidahinduka kandi bihindagurika, bidahinduka birimo ibintu bya firime n’ibintu by’inyongera bya firime, ikintu gihindura irangi kikoreshwa mu gushonga irangi, kugira ngo rigere ku ntego yo kugira ubuso bwiza kandi bwiza bw’irangi.
Uburyo bwo gutera irangi mu marangi butuma irangi rihinduka cyane cyane n’imyanda y’ibimera, irangi rikozwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi mu tunyangingo, iyo riterwa irangi, igice cy’irangi nticyageraga ku buso bwaryo, umwuka ukwirakwira mu kirere kugira ngo habeho irangi; imyanda y’ibimera ituruka ku guhindagurika kw’ingufu z’ibimera, imiterere y’ibimera ntifatanywa ku buso bwaryo, irangi n’uburyo bwo kuritunganya bizarekura imyanda y’ibimera (byatangajwe ko hari amagana y’imyanda y’ibimera ihinduka, igizwe na alkane, alkanes, olefin, imyanda ihumura, alcool, aldehyde, ketones, ester, ether, n’ibindi).
2. Inkomoko n'imiterere y'imyuka ihumanya imodoka
Ishuri rishinzwe gusiga amarangi ku modoka rigomba gukora irangi mbere yo kuritunganya, gukoresha electrophoresis no kurisiga amarangi ku gikoresho. Irangi rikubiyemo gusiga amarangi, gutemba no kumisha, muri izi nzira hazavamo imyuka y'imyanda y'umwimerere (VOCs) na spray spray, bityo izi nzira zigomba gukoreshwa mu gutera irangi mu cyumba cy'imyuka y'imyanda.
(1) Imyanda iva mu cyumba cyo gusiga irangi
Kugira ngo ibidukikije byo gusukura bikomeze gukoreshwa, hakurikijwe ingingo z'Itegeko ry'Umutekano n'Ubuzima mu Kazi, umwuka ugomba guhindurwa buri gihe mu cyumba cyo gusukura, kandi umuvuduko w'umwuka uhinduka ugomba kugenzurwa mu rugero rwa (0.25 ~ 1) m / s. Ibigize umwuka usohoka mu mwuka ni organic solvent ya spray paint, ibice byayo by'ingenzi ni aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene eshatu na hydrocarbon itari methane), alcohol ether, ester organic solvent, kuko ingano y'imyuka yo mu cyumba cyo gusukura ari nini cyane, bityo ingano yose y'imyanda ya organic ivamo ni nto cyane, akenshi hafi 100 mg / m3. Byongeye kandi, imyuka yo mu cyumba cyo gusiga irangi akenshi iba irimo ingano nto y'imyuka idatunganyijwe burundu, cyane cyane icyumba cyo gusukura irangi ryumye, irangi ry'imyuka mu cyumba cyo gusiga irangi, ishobora kuba imbogamizi mu gutunganya imyuka imyanda, gutunganya imyuka imyanda bigomba kuba mbere yo kuyitunganya.
(2) Imyanda iva mu cyumba cyo kumishamo
Irangi ryo mu maso nyuma yo gutera irangi mbere yo kumisha, rigomba gutemba umwuka, irangi ritose rikozwe mu buryo bw’umwimerere mu gihe cyo kumisha umwuka uhindagurika, kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka wo mu nzu uteranywa n’ibintu biwutera, icyumba cy’umwuka kigomba kuba gikomeza umwuka, guhindura umuvuduko w’umwuka muri rusange ugenzura hafi 0.2 m/s, imiterere y’imyotsi isohoka n’imiterere y’imyotsi isohoka mu cyumba cy’irangi, ariko ntiririmo irangi ry’umukungugu, igipimo cy’imyanda ikomoka ku bimera kurusha icyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka, hakurikijwe ingano y’imyotsi isohoka mu cyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka, muri rusange mu cyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka mu cyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka inshuro 2, rishobora kugera kuri 300 mg/m3, ubusanzwe rivanze n’imyotsi isohoka mu cyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka nyuma yo gusukurwa. Byongeye kandi, icyumba cy’imyotsi irangi, icyumba cy’imyotsi isohoka mu ruhu kigomba no gusohora imyanda ikomoka ku bimera nk’iyo.
(3)Dimyuka isohora umwotsi
Imiterere y'imyanda yumisha iragoye cyane, uretse solvent organic, igice cya plasticizer cyangwa resin monomer n'ibindi bice by'ingufu, ariko kandi irimo ibintu bihindura ubushyuhe, ibintu bihindura reaction. Electrophoretic primer na solvent type topcoat drying bifite imyuka isohora umwuka, ariko itandukaniro riri hagati y'imiterere n'ubwinshi bwayo ni rinini.
※Ingaruka z'imyuka isohora irangi ikoresheje spray:
Bizwi ko imyuka ihumanya iva mu cyumba giteramo imyuka, icyumba cyo kumisha, icyumba cyo kuvanga irangi n'icyumba cyo gutunganya irangi ry'imyanda kiri hasi kandi gitemba cyane, kandi ibice by'ingenzi by'imyuka ihumanya ni hydrocarboni zihumura neza, alcohol ethers na ester organic solvents. Dukurikije "Ibipimo Bihamye byo Guhumanya Umubiri", ubwinshi bw'imyuka ihumanya muri rusange buri mu rugero ntarengwa. Kugira ngo habeho igipimo cy'imyuka ihumanya muri ibi bipimo, inganda nyinshi z'imodoka zikoresha uburyo bwo gusohora imyuka mu kirere cyo hejuru. Nubwo ubu buryo bushobora kuzuza ibipimo by'imyuka ihumanya ubu, ariko imyuka ihumanya muri rusange iva mu mwuka uvanze n'amazi, kandi ingano yose y'imyuka ihumanya iva mu muyoboro munini ishobora kugera kuri toni amagana, ibyo bikaba byangiza ikirere cyane.
Igihu gisiga irangi mu kintu cy’umusemburo w’umwimerere —— benzene, toluene, xylene ni ikintu gikomeye cy’uburozi, gikora mu mwuka mu iduka, abakozi bamaze guhumeka mu nzira z’ubuhumekero bashobora gutera uburozi bukabije n’ubudakira, ahanini bigatera kwangirika kw’imitsi yo hagati n’amaraso, guhumeka igihe gito cyane (kirenga 1500 mg/m3) by’umwuka w’umusemburo w’umusemburo w’umusemburo w’umusemburo, bishobora gutera amaraso make mu mubiri, akenshi umwuka w’umusemburo ...
※Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya mu irangi no gusiga irangi:
Mu guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe umwimerere, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho muri rusange: ubwoko n'ubwinshi bw'imyanda ihumanya ikirere, ubushyuhe bw'imyotsi isohora umwuka n'umuvuduko w'amazi asohoka, ingano y'udukoko, n'urwego rwo kugenzura imyanda igomba kugerwaho.
1Sirangi rikoreshwa mu gusukura ubushyuhe bw'icyumba
Imyuka iva mu cyumba cyo gusiga amarangi, icyumba cyo kumisha, icyumba cyo kuvanga amarangi n'icyumba cyo gutunganya imyanda gikozwe mu ibara rya topcoat ni imyuka iva mu kirere ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi itemba cyane, kandi ibigize imyanda ni hydrocarboni zihumura neza, alcool na ethers hamwe na ester organic solvents. Dukurikije "Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imyuka ihumanya ikirere" bya GB16297, ubwinshi bw'imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri rusange buri mu rugero ntarengwa. Kugira ngo habeho igipimo cy'imyuka ihumanya ikirere gisabwa, inganda nyinshi z'imodoka zikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza imyuka mu kirere. Nubwo ubu buryo bushobora kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ariko imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu kirere nta kuvurwa, kandi ingano yose y'imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu murongo munini ishobora kugera kuri toni amagana, ibyo bikaba byangiza ikirere cyane.
Kugira ngo bigabanye cyane imyuka ihumanya iva mu kirere, uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya imyuka iva mu kirere bushobora gukoreshwa hamwe mu kuvura, ariko ikiguzi cyo gutunganya imyuka iva mu kirere gifite umwuka mwinshi ni kinini cyane. Kuri ubu, uburyo bwo mu mahanga bugezweho ni ukubanza gushyira imbaraga mu kirere (ukoresheje ipine ya adsorption-desorption kugira ngo winjize imbaraga mu kirere inshuro zigera kuri 15), kugira ngo ugabanye umubare w’imyanda igomba gutunganywa, hanyuma ugakoresha uburyo bwo gusenya mu kuvura imyuka iva mu kirere. Hari uburyo busa n’ubwo mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukoresha adsorption (activated carbon cyangwa zeolite nk’adsorbent) kugira ngo habeho imbaraga nke, gukoresha irangi ry’imyanda iva mu cyumba mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe, gukoresha imyuka iva mu bushyuhe bwinshi, gukoresha imyuka iva mu kirere ikoresha catalytic combustion cyangwa uburyo bwo kongera gutwika ubushyuhe mu kuvura. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka iva mu kirere mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe burimo guterwa imbere, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihugu muri iki gihe ntirirakuze, ariko ni ngombwa kwitondera. Kugira ngo tugabanye koko umwanda uterwa n’imyanda ihumanya ikirere, tugomba kandi gukemura ikibazo duhereye ku isoko, nko gukoresha ibikombe bizunguruka by’amashanyarazi n’ubundi buryo bwo kunoza umuvuduko w’ikoreshwa ry’ibitambaro, guteza imbere ibitambaro bishingiye ku mazi n’ibindi bitambaro birinda ibidukikije.
2Dgutunganya imyuka y'imyanda
Imyanda yumisha ni imwe mu myanda y’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubukonje bwinshi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya uburyo bwo gutwika. Uburyo bwo gutwika bufite ibipimo bitatu by’ingenzi: igihe, ubushyuhe, guhungabanya, ni ukuvuga gutwika kw’imiterere ya 3T. Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imyanda ni urwego ruhagije rw’uburyo bwo gutwika kandi biterwa n’uburyo 3T igenzura uburyo bwo gutwika. RTO ishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umuriro (820 ~ 900℃) n’igihe cyo kugumaho (1.0 ~ 1.2s), no kwemeza ko ikibazo gikenewe (umwuka n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bivanze neza), ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ni 99%, kandi igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’imyanda kiri hejuru, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni nke. Inganda nyinshi z’imodoka zo mu Buyapani no mu Bushinwa zikoresha RTO mu gutunganya imyanda yo kumisha hagati (primer, irangi riciriritse, kumisha hejuru). Urugero, umurongo wa coating w’imodoka y’abagenzi ya Dongfeng Nissan Huadu ukoresha RTO centralized treatment of coating imyanda yo kumisha ni mwiza cyane, wujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko agenga imyuka ihumanya. Ariko, bitewe n'ishoramari rinini ry'ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya bya RTO, ntabwo bihendutse mu gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ifite ikirere gito.
Ku murongo wuzuye wo gukora irangi, iyo hakenewe ibikoresho by'inyongera byo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya, sisitemu yo gutwika ikoresheje katalisitiki hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwika ubushyuhe ishobora gukoreshwa. Sisitemu yo gutwika ikoresheje katalisitiki ifite ishoramari rito kandi ikoresha ingufu nke zo gutwika.
Muri rusange, gukoresha / platine nk'ingufu ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gusiga imyuka myinshi y'imyanda y'umwimerere kugeza kuri dogere 315°C. Sisitemu yo gutwika ikoresheje amashanyarazi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyuka y'imyanda yose, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mu kumisha hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, ikibazo kiriho ni uburyo bwo kwirinda ko uburozi bwa catalyst budashobora kugabanuka. Dukurikije ubunararibonye bwa bamwe mu bakoresha, ku irangi ry'imyanda ryo hejuru, mu kongera uburyo bwo kuyungurura imyuka y'imyanda n'ibindi bipimo, bishobora kwemeza ko ubuzima bwa catalyst ari imyaka 3 ~ 5; amashanyarazi yo gukamisha irangi ry'imyanda yo mu bwoko bwa electrophoretic yoroshye gutera uburozi bwa catalyst, bityo kuvura imyuka y'imyanda yo mu bwoko bwa electrophoretic bigomba kwitonderwa hakoreshejwe catalytic combustion. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imyuka y'imyanda no guhindura umurongo wa Dongfeng coating body line, imyuka y'imyanda yo mu bwoko bwa electrophoretic primer yo gukamisha ivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa RTO, kandi imyuka y'imyanda yo hejuru yo gukamisha ivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa catalytic combustion, kandi ingaruka zo kuyikoresha ni nziza.
※Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi:
Gahunda yo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda, gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda zikora ibikoresho, gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda zikora ibikoresho, gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda zikora ibikoresho, gukora imodoka no gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 4S. Kuri ubu, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyitunganya, nko: uburyo bwo kuyitera, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, uburyo bwo kuyitwika, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu gukurura, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu binyabuzima n'uburyo bwa ion.
1. Wuburyo bwo gutera umwuka mu mazi + uburyo bwo kunyuzamo umwuka wa karuboni ukoresheje umwuka no kuwukuramo + uburyo bwo gutwika ibintu mu buryo bwa catalytic
Gukoresha umunara wo gutera irangi kugira ngo ukureho irangi n'ibintu bishongera mu mazi, nyuma yo kuyungurura byumye, mu gikoresho cyo kuvoma karuboni, nko kuvoma karuboni yuzuye, hanyuma gukurwaho (uburyo bwo gukuraho umwuka ukoresheje umwuka, gushyushya amashanyarazi, gukurwaho azote), nyuma yo gukuraho umwuka (ubwinshi bwiyongereye inshuro nyinshi) binyuze mu gukuraho umufana mu gikoresho cyo gutwika, gutwika karuboni dioxyde na amazi, nyuma yo gusohora.
2. Wspray y'amazi + uburyo bwo kuyungurura no gukuramo karubone ikoresheje umwuka + uburyo bwo kugarura amazi mu mubiri
Gukoresha umunara wo gutera irangi kugira ngo ukureho irangi ry’umukungugu n’ibintu bishongera mu mazi, nyuma yo kuyungurura byumye, mu gikoresho cyo gutera irangi rya karuboni, nko gutera irangi rya karuboni ryuzuye, hanyuma ukajya gukuramo (uburyo bwo gukuramo irangi hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye, gushyushya amashanyarazi, gutera azote), nyuma yo gutunganya irangi ry’imyanda, gutera irangi ry’imyanda binyuze mu gutandukanya ibintu by’agaciro by’ibinyabuzima. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gutunganya irangi ry’imyanda hakoreshejwe irangi ryinshi, ubushyuhe buke n’umwuka muke. Ariko ubu buryo bukoresha ishoramari, ingufu nyinshi, ikiguzi cyo gukora, irangi ry’imyanda “benzene eshatu” n’indi irangi ry’imyuka isohoka muri rusange biri hasi ya 300 mg/m3, irangi ryinshi, ingano y’umwuka mwinshi (ingano y’umwuka wo mu irangi ry’imodoka akenshi iri hejuru ya 100000), kandi kubera ko irangi ry’imyuka iva mu modoka rigizwe n’ibinyabutabire by’umwimerere, irangi ryo kongera gukoresha rigoye kurikoresha, kandi ryoroshye kurikora, bityo irangi mu gutunganya irangi ry’imyanda muri rusange ntirikoresha ubu buryo.
3. Wuburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka wa aste
Uburyo bwo kuvoma imyuka ihumanya ikoreshwa mu irangi ripfundikiye bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kuvoma imyuka ihumanya ikoresheje imiti n'uburyo bwo kuvoma ikoresheje imiti, ariko imikorere ya "benzene eshatu" ni mike, muri rusange ntabwo ikoresha uburyo bwo kuvoma ikoresheje imiti. Amazi akoresha imiti akoresha imiti agabanya ubushyuhe, kandi akoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyushya, gukonjesha no kongera gukoreshwa mu gusesengura uburyo bwo kuvoma imyuka ihumanya. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu kwimura umwuka, ubushyuhe buke, no mu buryo buke bwo gupima. Gushyiraho ni ibintu bigoye, ishoramari ni rinini, guhitamo amazi akoresha imiti biragoye, hari ibintu bibiri bihumanya.
4. Aibikoresho byo kugabanya karuboni bikozwe mu buryo bwa "activated carbon adsorption" + ibikoresho byo kugabanya karuboni bikozwe mu buryo bwa "UV photocatalytic oxidation"
(1): Gushyira umwuka ukomoka ku bimera mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu buryo butaziguye bwa karuboni ikora, kugira ngo hagerwe ku gipimo cyo gusukura cya 95%, ibikoresho byoroshye, ishoramari rito, imikorere yoroshye, ariko hakenewe gusimbuza karuboni ikora kenshi, ubwinshi buke bw'imyanda ihumanya, nta kugarura umwuka. (2) Uburyo bwo gushyira umwuka ukomoka ku bimera: umwuka ukomoka ku bimera mu buryo bukomoka ku bimera, gukuramo umwuka ukomoka ku bimera no kongera kuvugurura umwuka.
5.Aikoreshwa rya karuboni ikora neza + ibikoresho bya plasma bifite ubushyuhe buke
Nyuma yo gukoresha karuboni ikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu, hanyuma hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda ya plasma mu bushyuhe buke, bizavura uburyo bwo gusohora imyanda, uburyo bwa iyoni ni ugukoresha plasma Plasma (ION plasma) kwangiza imyanda ya organic, gukuraho impumuro mbi, kwica bagiteri, virusi, gusukura umwuka ni igereranya mpuzamahanga rigezweho, impuguke zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga zitwa imwe mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu by’ibidukikije mu kinyejana cya 21. Urufunguzo rw’ikoranabuhanga ni ugusohora imyanda ya pulse medium block mu buryo bwa ogisijeni ya ion nyinshi (plasma), gukora imyanda, gukora ubwoko bwose bwa radicals zikora, nka OH, HO2, O, nibindi, benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, alkane n’indi myanda ya organic, oxidation n’ibindi bikorwa bigoye byo mu mubiri na shimi, hamwe n’ibikomoka ku bimera bitari uburozi, birinda umwanda wa kabiri. Iri koranabuhanga rifite imiterere yo gukoresha ingufu nke cyane, umwanya muto, gukora no kubungabunga byoroshye, kandi rikwiriye cyane cyane mu kuvura imyuka itandukanye.
Bincamake y'ingamba:
Ubu hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'uburyo bwo kuvura ku isoko, kugira ngo twuzuze amahame y'igihugu n'ay'akarere, ubusanzwe tuzahitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura buhuriweho kugira ngo dutunganye imyuka y'imyanda, kugira ngo duhitemo bujyanye n'uburyo bwabo bwite bwo kuvura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2022
