Imyanda ihumanya isohoka ni: cyane cyane: irangi ryijimye hamwe nudukoko twangiza twakozwe n amarangi ya spray, hamwe nudukoko twangiza umubiri iyo twumutse. Igicu gisize irangi ahanini kiva mubice byo gutwika mu gutera ikirere, kandi ibiyigize bihuye nigitambaro cyakoreshejwe. Amashanyarazi kama ahanini ava mumashanyarazi hamwe nudukoko mugukoresha uburyo bwo gutwikira, ibyinshi muri byo ni imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kandi imyanda ihumanya ni xylene, benzene, toluene nibindi. Kubwibyo, isoko nyamukuru ya gaze yangiza imyanda isohoka muri coating ni icyumba cyo gusiga amarangi, icyumba cyo kumisha hamwe nicyumba cyo kumisha.
1. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda yumurongo utanga imodoka
1.1 Gahunda yo gutunganya imyanda kama kama mugihe cyo kumisha
Gazi isohoka muri electrophoreis, igiciriritse giciriritse hamwe nicyumba cyo kumisha hejuru yicyumba cyo gukama ni iy'ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na gaze yimyanda myinshi, ikwiranye nuburyo bwo gutwika. Kugeza ubu, ingamba zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imyanda mu gihe cyo kumisha zirimo: tekinoroji yo kongera ingufu za hydride oxyde (RTO), tekinoroji ya catalitiki yaka umuriro (RCO), hamwe na TNV yo kugarura umuriro.
1.1.1 Ububiko bwubushyuhe bwubwoko bwa tekinoroji ya okiside (RTO)
Ubushuhe bwa Thermal Oxidizer (Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer, RTO) nigikoresho kibungabunga ingufu zo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugirango gitunganyirize imyanda myanda ihumanya kandi iciriritse. Bikwiranye nubunini bwinshi, kwibanda cyane, bikwiranye nubutaka bwa gaze ya gaze hagati ya 100 PPM-20000 PPM. Igiciro cyo gukora ni gito, mugihe imyanda ya gaze ya gaze iri hejuru ya 450 PPM, igikoresho cya RTO ntigikeneye kongeramo lisansi yingoboka; igipimo cyo kweza ni kinini, igipimo cyo kweza ibitanda bibiri RTO gishobora kugera hejuru ya 98%, igipimo cyo kweza ibitanda bitatu RTO gishobora kugera hejuru ya 99%, kandi nta mwanda wongeyeho nka NOX; kugenzura byikora, imikorere yoroshye; umutekano ni mwinshi.
Igikoresho gisubiramo ubushyuhe bushya bukoresha uburyo bwa okiside yubushyuhe bwo kuvura imyanda iciriritse kandi ntoya ya gaze imyanda kama, kandi ceramic ububiko bwububiko bwuburiri bukoreshwa mugusubiza ubushyuhe. Igizwe nuburiri bwububiko bwa ceramic, ububiko bwikora bwikora, icyumba cyo gutwika hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ni: ububiko bwikora bwikora munsi yigitanda cyo kubika ubushyuhe buhujwe numuyoboro wingenzi wogufata hamwe numuyoboro wingenzi wa gazi, hamwe nigitanda cyo kubika ubushyuhe kibikwa no gushyushya gaze imyanda kama yinjira muburiri bubika ubushyuhe hamwe nububiko bwa ceramic ububiko bwo gukuramo no kurekura ubushyuhe; gaze imyanda kama yashyutswe nubushyuhe runaka (760 ℃) ihindurwamo okiside mu gutwika urugereko rwaka kugirango habeho dioxyde de carbone n’amazi, kandi irasukurwa. Ubusanzwe ibitanda bibiri byuburiri RTO bigizwe nicyumba kimwe cyaka, ibitanda bibiri byo gupakira ceramic hamwe na bine zo guhinduranya. Kuvugurura ceramic gupakira uburiri bwubushyuhe mubikoresho birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe burenze 95%; Nta lisansi cyangwa nkeya ikoreshwa mugihe itunganya imyanda kama.
Ibyiza: Mu guhangana n’amazi menshi hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bwa gaze y’imyanda, igiciro cyo gukora ni gito cyane.
Ibibi: ishoramari ryinshi rimwe, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutwikwa, ntibikwiriye kuvurwa cyane na gaze yimyanda mvaruganda, hari ibice byinshi byimuka, bikenera imirimo myinshi yo kubungabunga.
1.1.2 Ikoranabuhanga rya catalitiki yumuriro (RCO)
Igikoresho cyo gutwika ibyuma bya catalitiki (Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer RCO) gikoreshwa muburyo butaziguye (1000 mg / m3-10000 mg / m3) gutunganya imyanda kama. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya RCO irakwiriye cyane cyane kubisabwa cyane kugirango igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe, ariko kandi kibereye umurongo umwe w’umusaruro, kubera ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, imyuka ya gaze imyanda ikunze guhinduka cyangwa imyuka ya gaze ihindagurika cyane. Birakwiriye cyane cyane gukenera ingufu zubushyuhe bwo kongera inganda cyangwa kumisha imyanda yumurongo wa gazi, kandi kugarura ingufu birashobora gukoreshwa mukumisha umurongo wimigozi, kugirango ugere kumigambi yo kuzigama ingufu.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya catalitiki yo gutwika ni uburyo busanzwe bwa gazi ikomeye, mubyukuri ni okiside yimbitse yubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora. Mubikorwa bya okiside ya catalitiki, adsorption yubuso bwa catalizator ituma molekile ya reaction ikungahazwa hejuru ya catalizator. Ingaruka ya catalizator mu kugabanya ingufu zo gukora yihutisha reaction ya okiside kandi itezimbere umuvuduko wa okiside. Mubikorwa bya catalizator yihariye, ibintu kama bibaho nta okiside ya okiside yaka yubushyuhe buke (250 ~ 300 ℃), ibora mo dioxyde de carbone namazi, ikarekura ingufu nyinshi zubushyuhe.
Igikoresho cya RCO kigizwe ahanini numubiri witanura, umubiri wo kubika ubushyuhe bwa catalitiki, sisitemu yo gutwika, sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora, valve yikora nizindi sisitemu nyinshi. Mubikorwa byo gutunganya inganda, gaze ya gazi isohoka yinjira yinjira mumuzinga wibikoresho binyuze mumashanyarazi yatanzwe, kandi gaze yinjira na gaze isohoka bitandukanijwe rwose na valve izunguruka. Kubika ingufu zubushyuhe no guhererekanya ubushyuhe bwa gaze hafi kugera ku bushyuhe bwashyizweho na okiside ya catalitiki ya catalitiki; gazi isohoka ikomeza gushyuha binyuze mu bushyuhe (haba mu gushyushya amashanyarazi cyangwa gushyushya gaze gasanzwe) kandi ikomeza ubushyuhe bwashyizweho; yinjira murwego rwa catalitiki kugirango yuzuze reaction ya catalitike ya okiside, aribyo, reaction itanga karuboni ya dioxyde namazi, kandi ikarekura ingufu nyinshi zubushyuhe kugirango igere kubikorwa byokuvura. Gazi yatangijwe na okiside yinjira mubintu bya ceramic 2, kandi ingufu zubushyuhe zisohoka mukirere binyuze mumuzinga. Nyuma yo kwezwa, ubushyuhe bwuzuye nyuma yo kwezwa burenze gato ubushyuhe mbere yo gutunganya imyanda. Sisitemu ikora ubudahwema kandi igahinduka mu buryo bwikora. Binyuze mu mikorere ya valve ikora, ibice byose byuzuza ceramic byuzuza intambwe yizunguruka yo gushyushya, gukonjesha no kwezwa, kandi ingufu zubushyuhe zirashobora kugarurwa.
Ibyiza: uburyo bworoshye bwo gutembera, ibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yizewe; gukora neza cyane, muri rusange hejuru ya 98%; ubushyuhe buke; ishoramari rike rishobora gukoreshwa, igiciro gito cyo gukora, imikorere yubushyuhe irashobora kugera kuri 85%; inzira yose idafite umusaruro wamazi, inzira yo kweza ntabwo itanga umwanda wa kabiri wa NOX; Ibikoresho byoza RCO birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nicyumba cyo kumisha, gaze isukuye irashobora kongera gukoreshwa mucyumba cyumye, kugirango igere ku ntego yo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya;
Ibibi: igikoresho cyo gutwika catalitiki gikwiranye gusa no gutunganya imyanda y’imyanda hamwe n’ibice bito bitetse hamwe n’ibigize ivu, kandi gutunganya imyanda y’ibintu bifata nkumwotsi w’amavuta ntibikwiye, kandi catalizator igomba kuba uburozi; kwibumbira hamwe imyanda kama iri munsi ya 20%.
1.1.3TNV Gusubiramo ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo gutwika amashyuza
Uburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo gutwika amashyuza (Ubudage Thermische Nachverbrennung TNV) ni ugukoresha gaze cyangwa lisansi itwikwa itwika imyanda irimo imyanda ikomoka ku buhinzi, bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, molekile ya molekile ya okiside yangirika ikabamo dioxyde de carbone n'amazi, gaze yubushyuhe bwo hejuru binyuze mu gushyigikira ibikoresho byinshi byohereza ubushyuhe ibikoresho byo gushyushya bikenera umwuka cyangwa amazi ashyushye, okiside yuzuye ya okiside yangirika yingufu za gaze yubushyuhe bwa gaze, kugabanya ingufu za sisitemu yose. Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya TNV nuburyo bwiza kandi bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda irimo imyanda ikomoka kumashanyarazi mugihe inzira yo kubyara ikenera ingufu nyinshi zubushyuhe. Kumurongo mushya wa electrophoretique usize umurongo, TNV isubirana sisitemu yo gutwika amashyuza muri rusange.
Sisitemu ya TNV igizwe n'ibice bitatu: sisitemu yo gushyushya imyanda no gutwika, kuzenguruka uburyo bwo gushyushya ikirere hamwe na sisitemu nziza yo guhanahana ikirere. Igikoresho cyo gutwika imyanda hagati muri sisitemu nigice cyibanze cya TNV, kigizwe numubiri witanura, icyumba cyaka, icyuma gishyushya umuriro, icyotsa hamwe n’ibikoresho nyamukuru bigenga valve. Igikorwa cyacyo ni: hamwe numuvuduko ukabije wumutwe uzajya wangiza imyanda iva mucyumba cyumisha, nyuma yo gutwika imyanda hagati yubushyuhe bwo hagati yubushyuhe bwubatswe mbere yubushyuhe, kugeza mucyumba cyaka, hanyuma binyuze mumashyuza yaka, mubushyuhe bwinshi ( hafi 750 ℃) kugeza imyanda ya gazi ya okiside yangirika, kubora imyanda kama ya gaze karuboni n'amazi. Umwuka mwinshi mwinshi wa gazi isohoka binyuze mumashanyarazi hamwe numuyoboro wa gazi nyamukuru mu itanura. Gazi isohoka ishyushya umwuka uzenguruka mucyumba cyumisha kugirango itange ingufu zikenewe mubyumba byumye. Igikoresho gishya cyo kohereza ikirere gishyizwe kumpera ya sisitemu kugirango igarure ubushyuhe bwimyanda ya sisitemu kugirango igaruke bwa nyuma. Umwuka mwiza wunganirwa nicyumba cyo kumisha ushyutswe na gaz ya flue hanyuma woherezwa mubyumba byumye. Byongeye kandi, hari na valve igenga amashanyarazi kumuyoboro munini wa gaz ya flue, ikoreshwa muguhindura ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya flue isohoka ryigikoresho, kandi imyuka yanyuma yubushyuhe bwa gaze irashobora kugenzurwa nka 160 ℃.
Ibiranga imyanda yo gutwika imyanda hagati harimo: igihe cyo kumara imyanda kama mucyumba cyaka ni 1 ~ 2s; igipimo cyo kubora cya gaze imyanda irenze 99%; igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe gishobora kugera kuri 76%; kandi igipimo cyo guhinduranya ibisohoka bishobora kugera kuri 26 ∶ 1, kugeza 40 ∶ 1.
Ibibi: iyo bivura imyanda mvaruganda nkeya, igiciro cyo gukora kiri hejuru; guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwa tubular biri mubikorwa bikomeza, bifite ubuzima burebure.
1.2 Gahunda yo gutunganya imyanda kama mucyumba cyo gusiga irangi nicyumba cyo kumisha
Gazi isohoka mucyumba cyo gusiga amarangi no mucyumba cyo kumisha ni ubushyuhe buke, umuvuduko munini w’amazi hamwe n’imyuka y’ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba, kandi igice kinini cy’imyanda ihumanya ni hydrocarbone ya aromatiya, eteri y’inzoga hamwe n’umuti wa ester organic. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bw’amahanga bukuze ni: imyanda ya mbere y’imyanda ihumanya kugabanya igiteranyo cya gaze y’imyanda, hamwe nuburyo bwa mbere bwa adsorption (carbone cyangwa zeolite ikora nka adsorbent) kugirango ubushyuhe buke bwicyumba butere amarangi ya adsorption, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gaze, gaze ya gaze yuzuye ukoresheje catalitike yaka cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo gutwika amashyuza.
1.2.1
Gukoresha ubuki bukoresha amakara nka adsorbent, Uhujwe n’amahame yo kweza adsorption, kuvugurura desorption hamwe no kwibanda kuri VOC hamwe no gutwikwa kwa catalitike, Ubwinshi bwumwuka mwinshi, umwuka muke wa gaze imyanda kama ukoresheje ubuki bwakoresheje imyuka ya karubone kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kweza ikirere, Iyo karubone ikora ihaze hanyuma igakoresha umwuka ushyushye kugirango wongere ugarure karubone ikora, Desorbed concentrated concentrated organic yoherejwe muburiri bwa catalitike yaka kugirango itwike catalitike, ibintu kama bihindurwamo okiside kuri dioxyde de carbone itagira ingaruka n’amazi, imyuka ishyushye yaka umuriro ishyushya ubushyuhe umwuka ukonje unyuze mu guhinduranya ubushyuhe, Bimwe byohereza imyuka ikonje nyuma yo guhanahana ubushyuhe, Igice cyo kuvugurura desorbitory yubuki bukora amakara, Kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gukoresha imyanda no kuzigama ingufu. Igikoresho cyose kigizwe na pre-filter, uburiri bwa adsorption, uburiri bwa catalitike yaka, kutagira umuriro, gufana bifitanye isano, valve, nibindi.
Igikoresho gikoreshwa na carbone adsorption-desorption igikoresho cyogukora cyakozwe ukurikije amahame abiri yibanze ya adsorption hamwe na catalitike yaka, ukoresheje inzira ya gazi ebyiri inzira ikomeza akazi, icyumba cyo gutwika catalitike, uburiri bubiri bwa adsorption bukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Ubwambere imyanda kama kama hamwe na karubone ikora ya adsorption, mugihe kwiyuzuza byihuse guhagarika adsorption, hanyuma ukoreshe umwuka ushushe kugirango ukure ibintu kama muri karubone ikora kugirango carbone ikora; ibinyabuzima byakusanyirijwe hamwe (kwibumbira hamwe inshuro nyinshi kurenza umwimerere) kandi byoherejwe muri catalitike yaka chambre catalitike yaka muri dioxyde de carbone no gusohora imyuka y'amazi. Iyo imyuka ya gaze kama igeze kuri PPm zirenga 2000, gaze imyanda kama irashobora gukomeza gutwikwa bidatinze muburiri bwa catalitiki nta gushyushya hanze. Igice cya gaze yaka umuriro isohoka mu kirere, kandi ibyinshi byoherejwe ku buriri bwa adsorption kugirango habeho kuvugurura karubone ikora. Ibi birashobora guhura no gutwikwa na adsorption yingufu zubushyuhe zisabwa, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kuzigama ingufu. Kuvugurura birashobora kwinjira muri adsorption itaha; muri desorption, igikorwa cyo kweza gishobora gukorwa nubundi buriri bwa adsorption, bukwiranye no gukomeza gukora no gukora rimwe na rimwe.
Imikorere ya tekiniki n'ibiranga: imikorere ihamye, imiterere yoroshye, umutekano kandi wizewe, kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama abakozi, nta mwanda wa kabiri. Ibikoresho bitwikiriye agace gato kandi bifite uburemere bworoshye. Birakwiye cyane gukoreshwa mubwinshi. Uburiri bwa karubone bukora bwangiza imyanda kama ikoresha imyanda nyuma yo gutwikwa kwa catalitiki kugirango yambure ubuzima bushya, kandi gaze yamburwa yoherezwa mucyumba cya catalitiki yaka kugirango isukure, nta mbaraga zituruka hanze, kandi ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu ni ngombwa. Ingaruka ni uko karubone ikora ari ngufi kandi igiciro cyayo ni kinini.
1.2.2 Zeolite yohereza ibiziga adsorption- -igikoresho cyo kweza ibikoresho
Ibice byingenzi bigize zeolite ni: silicon, aluminium, hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption, irashobora gukoreshwa nka adsorbent; yiruka rya zeolite nugukoresha ibiranga zeolite yihariye hamwe na adsorption hamwe nubushobozi bwa desorption kumyanda ihumanya ikirere, kugirango gaze VOC isohora gaze ifite ingufu nke kandi yibanda cyane, irashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyibikoresho byanyuma bivura. Ibikoresho byayo biranga uburyo bwo kuvura ibintu binini, kwibanda cyane, birimo ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ikibi nuko ishoramari ryambere ari ryinshi.
Zeolite yiruka adsorption-yoza ibikoresho nigikoresho cyoza gaze gishobora guhora gikora adsorption na desorption. Impande zombi ziziga rya zeolite zigabanyijemo ibice bitatu nigikoresho kidasanzwe cyo gufunga: agace ka adsorption, desorption (regeneration) agace gakonje. Igikorwa cyakazi cya sisitemu ni: zeolite izunguruka izunguruka ikomeza kwihuta kumuvuduko muke, Kuzenguruka binyuze muri adsorption, desorption (regeneration) agace gakonje; Iyo gazi nkeya hamwe nubunini bwa gale isohora gazi ikomeza kunyura muri adsorption yumwiruka, VOC muri gaze ya gaze isohoka na zeolite yiziga ryizunguruka, Ibyuka bihumanya nyuma ya adsorption no kwezwa; Ikinyabuzima gishobora kwangirika cyuruziga cyoherejwe muri zone ya desorption (regeneration) hamwe no kuzunguruka kwiziga, Hanyuma hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwikirere bwumuyaga uhoraho unyuze mukarere ka desorption, VOC yamamajwe kumuzinga igarurwa mukarere ka desorption, Umwuka wa VOC usohoka hamwe n'umwuka ushushe; Uruziga rugana ahakonjesha kugirango rukonje rushobora kongera kwiyubaka, Hamwe no guhora kuzunguruka kwizunguruka, Adsorption, desorption, hamwe no gukonjesha birakorwa, Menya neza imikorere ihamye kandi ihamye yo gutunganya imyanda.
Igikoresho cyiruka cya zeolite mubyukuri ni intumbero, kandi gazi isohoka irimo ibinyabuzima bigabanijwemo ibice bibiri: umwuka mwiza ushobora gusohoka mu buryo butaziguye, hamwe n’umwuka utunganyirizwa urimo ibinyabuzima byinshi. Umwuka mwiza ushobora gusohoka mu buryo butaziguye kandi ushobora gutunganyirizwa muri sisitemu yo guhumeka neza; ubwinshi bwa gaze ya VOC ni inshuro 10 zubunini bwa VOC mbere yo kwinjira muri sisitemu. Gazi yibanze ivurwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ikoresheje TNV isubirana sisitemu yo gutwika amashyuza (cyangwa ibindi bikoresho). Ubushyuhe buterwa no gutwika ni ukumisha icyumba cyo gushyushya hamwe na zeolite yambura ubushyuhe, kandi ingufu zubushyuhe zikoreshwa rwose kugirango bigerweho ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
Imikorere ya tekiniki n'ibiranga: imiterere yoroshye, kubungabunga byoroshye, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende; kwinjiza cyane no kwiyambura neza, hindura umwimerere mwinshi wumuyaga mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwa VOC imyanda mukirere gito na gaze yimyanda myinshi, kugabanya ikiguzi cyibikoresho byanyuma bivura; kugabanuka k'umuvuduko ukabije, birashobora kugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi; muri rusange sisitemu yo gutegura no gushushanya, hamwe nibisabwa byibuze umwanya muto, kandi bigatanga uburyo buhoraho kandi butagira abadereva; irashobora kugera ku gipimo cy’igihugu cyangiza ikirere; adsorbent ikoresha zeolite idashya, ikoreshwa ni umutekano; ibibi ni ishoramari rimwe hamwe nigiciro kinini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2023
