Iyo ubonye imodoka, igitekerezo cyawe cya mbere birashoboka ko yaba ibara ryumubiri. Uyu munsi, kugira irangi ryiza cyane ni kimwe mubipimo fatizo byo gukora imodoka. Ariko hashize imyaka irenga ijana, gushushanya imodoka ntabwo byari umurimo woroshye, kandi byari byiza cyane kurenza uko bimeze muri iki gihe. Nigute irangi ryimodoka ryahindutse kuburyo rifite muri iki gihe? Surley izakubwira amateka yiterambere ryubuhanga bwo gusiga amarangi.
Amasegonda icumi kugirango wumve inyandiko yuzuye:
1,Lacqueryatangiriye mu Bushinwa, Uburengerazuba bwayoboye nyuma ya revolisiyo y'inganda.
2, Irangi ryibanze ryibikoresho byumye buhoro, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yimikorere yimodoka, DuPont yahimbye-byumye vubairangi rya nitro.
3, Koresha imbundaasimbuza brushes, atanga firime imwe irangi.
4, Kuva kuri alkyd kugeza acrylic, gukurikirana kuramba no gutandukana birakomeje.
5, Kuva "gutera" kugeza kuri "dip coating"hamwe no kwiyuhagira lacquer, gukomeza gukurikirana ubwiza bwirangi biza kuri fosifati na electrodeposition ubungubu.
6, Gusimbuza hamweirangi rishingiye ku mazimu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije.
7, Noneho no mugihe kizaza, tekinoroji yo gushushanya iragenda irushaho gutekereza,ndetse nta irangi.
Uruhare nyamukuru rwo gusiga irangi ni ukurwanya gusaza
Abantu benshi bumva uruhare rw'irangi ni ugutanga ibintu amabara meza, ariko duhereye ku nganda zikora inganda, ibara mubyukuri rikenewe kabiri; ingese no kurwanya gusaza niyo ntego nyamukuru. Kuva mu minsi ya mbere yo guhuza ibyuma-ibiti kugeza umubiri wera wicyuma cyera wumunsi, umubiri wimodoka ukenera irangi nkurwego rukingira. Inzitizi urwego rwamabara rugomba guhura nazo ni kwambara bisanzwe kurira nkizuba, umucanga n imvura, kwangirika kumubiri nko gusiba, guswera no kugongana, hamwe nisuri nkumunyu nigitonyanga cyinyamaswa. Mu ihindagurika rya tekinoroji yo gusiga amarangi, inzira iragenda itera imbere buhoro buhoro kandi bunoze kandi burambye kandi buruhu bwiza kugirango umubiri ukorwe neza.
Lacquer yo mu Bushinwa
Lacquer ifite amateka maremare cyane kandi, biteye isoni, umwanya wambere mubuhanga bwa lacquer yari iy'Ubushinwa mbere ya Revolution Revolution. Ikoreshwa rya lacquer ryatangiye mu gihe cya Neolithique, kandi nyuma y’ibihugu by’Intambara, abanyabukorikori bakoresheje amavuta ya tung yakuwe mu mbuto z’igiti cy’ibiti hanyuma bongeramo lacquer mbisi kugira ngo bavange amarangi, nubwo icyo gihe lacquer yari ikintu cyiza kubanyacyubahiro. Nyuma y’ingoma ya Ming, Zhu Yuanzhang yatangiye gushinga inganda za leta, kandi ikoranabuhanga ry’irangi ryateye imbere vuba. Igikorwa cya mbere cy’Abashinwa ku ikoranabuhanga ry’irangi, "Igitabo cyo gushushanya", cyakozwe na Huang Cheng, ukora lacquer mu ngoma ya Ming. Bitewe n'iterambere rya tekiniki n'ubucuruzi bw'imbere mu gihugu no hanze, lacquerware yari yarateje imbere inganda zikora ubukorikori zikuze mu ngoma ya Ming.
Irangi ryiza cyane ryamavuta ya tung yingoma ya Ming ni urufunguzo rwo gukora ubwato. Intiti yo muri Esipanye yo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu Mendoza yavuze muri "Amateka y'Ubwami Bukuru bw'Ubushinwa" ko amato y'Abashinwa yashizwemo amavuta ya tung yari afite inshuro ebyiri ubuzima bw'amato y'i Burayi.
Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 18, Uburayi amaherezo bwacitse kandi bumenya ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amarangi ya tung, maze inganda zo mu Burayi zisiga amarangi buhoro buhoro. Amavuta y'ibikoresho fatizo, usibye gukoreshwa muri lacquer, yari kandi ibikoresho by'ibanze mu zindi nganda, bigiharira Ubushinwa, kandi biba ibikoresho by'inganda mu nganda by’impinduramatwara zombi mu nganda kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, igihe ibiti by'ibiti byaterwaga. muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo byafashe imiterere, bisenya Ubushinwa kwiharira ibikoresho fatizo.
Kuma ntibigifata iminsi 50
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, imodoka zarakozwe hifashishijwe amarangi asanzwe nk'amavuta y'intoki nka binder.
Ndetse na Ford, yatangije umurongo wo gukora kugirango yubake imodoka, yakoresheje irangi ry'umukara ryabayapani gusa hafi cyane kugirango akurikirane umuvuduko wo gukora kuko yumye vuba, ariko nubundi, iracyari irangi ryibikoresho bisanzwe, kandi irangi riracyafite ikenera icyumweru kirenze.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, DuPont yakoraga ku irangi ryumye rya nitrocellulose (bita irangi rya nitrocellulose) ryatumaga abakora amamodoka bamwenyura, ntibagikeneye gukora ku modoka zifite inzinguzingo ndende.
Kugeza mu 1921, DuPont yari asanzwe ari umuyobozi mu gukora firime yerekana amashusho ya nitrate, kuko yahindukaga ibicuruzwa biterwa na nitrocellulose bidaturika kugira ngo bikuremo ibikoresho binini byubatse mu gihe cy'intambara. Ku wa gatanu nyuma ya saa sita zishyushye muri Nyakanga 1921, umukozi wo mu ruganda rwa firime DuPont yasize akabari ka fibre ya nitrate ku cyambu mbere yo kuva ku kazi. Amaze kuyifungura mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa mbere, yasanze indobo yahindutse amazi meza, afite amabara meza nyuma azahinduka ishingiro ry’irangi rya nitrocellulose. Mu 1924, DuPont yateje irangi rya DUCO nitrocellulose, ikoresha nitrocellulose nkibikoresho nyamukuru kandi yongeramo ibisigazwa bya sintetike, plasitike, ibishishwa hamwe nuduto kugirango tuyivange. Inyungu nini yo gusiga irangi rya nitrocellulose nuko yumye vuba, ugereranije irangi ryibanze rifata icyumweru cyangwa ibyumweru kugirango ryume, irangi rya nitrocellulose rifata amasaha 2 gusa kugirango ryume, byongera cyane umuvuduko wo gushushanya. mu 1924, imirongo hafi ya yose yakozwe na General Motors yakoresheje irangi rya Duco nitrocellulose.
Mubisanzwe, irangi rya nitrocellulose rifite ibibi byayo. Niba itewe ahantu h'ubushuhe, firime izahinduka umweru byoroshye kandi itakaza urumuri. Ubuso bwakorewe irangi bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa idashobora gukomoka kuri peteroli, nka lisansi, ishobora kwangiza irangi, kandi gaze ya peteroli isohoka mugihe cya lisansi irashobora kwihutisha kwangirika kwubuso bwamabara.
Gusimbuza brush hamwe nimbunda ya spray kugirango bikemure ibice bitaringaniye
Usibye ibiranga irangi ubwaryo, uburyo bwo gushushanya nabwo ni ingenzi cyane ku mbaraga no kuramba hejuru y irangi. Gukoresha imbunda za spray byari intambwe ikomeye mumateka yubuhanga bwo gusiga amarangi. Imbunda ya spray yinjijwe mu murima wo gusiga amarangi mu nganda mu 1923 no mu nganda z’imodoka mu 1924.
Umuryango wa DeVilbiss rero washinze DeVilbiss, isosiyete izwi cyane ku isi izobereye mu ikoranabuhanga rya atome. Nyuma, umuhungu wa Alan DeVilbiss, Tom DeVilbiss, yavutse. Umuhungu wa Dr. Alan DeVilbiss, Tom DeVilbiss, yafashe icyemezo cya se kirenze ubuvuzi. DeVilbiss yafashe ibyo se yahimbye birenze ubuvuzi, ahindura atomizer yumwimerere ahinduka imbunda yo gutera amarangi.
Mu rwego rwo gusiga amarangi mu nganda, guswera bigenda bishira vuba bitwaje imbunda. deVilbiss imaze imyaka irenga 100 ikora mubijyanye na atomisiyoneri none ubu ni umuyobozi mubijyanye n’imbunda ziterwa n’inganda n’ubuvuzi bwa atomizeri.
Kuva kuri alkyd kugeza acrylic, biramba kandi bikomeye
Mu myaka ya za 1930, irangi rya alkyd resin enamel, ryiswe irangi rya alkyd enamel, ryinjijwe mubikorwa byo gusiga amamodoka. Ibice by'icyuma cy'umubiri w'imodoka byatewe ubu bwoko bw'irangi hanyuma byumishwa mu ziko kugirango bikore firime iramba cyane. Ugereranije n'amabara ya nitrocellulose, amarangi ya alkyd enamel yihuta kuyashyira mubikorwa, bisaba intambwe 2 kugeza kuri 3 gusa ugereranije nintambwe 3 kugeza kuri 4 kumarangi ya nitrocellulose. Amabara ya Enamel ntabwo yumye vuba gusa, ariko kandi arwanya imiti nka lisansi.
Ikibi cya alkyd enamels, ariko, nuko batinya urumuri rwizuba, kandi kumurasire yizuba firime irangi izahinduka okiside kumuvuduko wihuse kandi ibara rizahita rishira kandi ryijimye, rimwe na rimwe iki gikorwa gishobora no kuba mumezi make gusa. . Nubwo bafite ibibazo, ibisigazwa bya alkyd ntabwo byavanyweho burundu kandi biracyari igice cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga ryo gutwikira. Irangi rya Thermoplastique acrylic ryagaragaye mu myaka ya za 40, ritezimbere cyane imitako nigihe kirekire cyo kurangiza, maze mu 1955, General Motors itangira gushushanya amamodoka hamwe na resin nshya ya acrylic. Imvugo yiri rangi yari idasanzwe kandi yasabwaga gutera ibintu bike, bityo bisaba amakoti menshi. Ibi bisa nkaho ari bibi biranga icyo gihe byari akarusho kuko byemereraga gushyiramo ibyuma byuma muri kote. Varish ya acrylic yatewe hamwe nubushuhe buke bwambere bwambere, bituma ibyuma byicyuma bisibanganya kugirango bibe urwego rugaragaza, hanyuma ububobere bwiyongera vuba kugirango ifate ibyuma. Rero, irangi ryuma ryaravutse.
Twabibutsa ko iki gihe cyateye imbere mu buryo butunguranye mu buhanga bwo gusiga amarangi mu Burayi. Ibi byaturutse ku mbogamizi zashyizweho mu bihugu by’i Burayi bwa Axis nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, yabuzaga ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’imiti mu nganda, nka nitrocellulose, ibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa mu irangi rya nitrocellulose, byakoreshwa mu gukora ibisasu. Hamwe n'iki cyemezo, ibigo byo muri ibi bihugu byatangiye kwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amarangi, biteza imbere sisitemu yo gusiga irangi ya acrylic. igihe amarangi y’iburayi yinjiraga muri Amerika mu 1980, sisitemu yo gusiga amamodoka y'Abanyamerika yari kure y’abanywanyi b’i Burayi.
Uburyo bwikora bwa fosifati na electrophorei kugirango ukurikirane ubuziranenge bwirangi
Nyuma yimyaka 20 nyuma yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose cyari igihe cyo kongera ubwiza bwimyenda yumubiri. Muri iki gihe muri Amerika, usibye ubwikorezi, imodoka nazo zari zifite ikiranga kuzamura imibereho, bityo ba nyir'imodoka bifuzaga ko imodoka zabo zisa neza cyane, bisaba ko irangi risa neza kandi rifite amabara meza.
Guhera mu 1947, amasosiyete yimodoka yatangiye fosifata hejuru yicyuma mbere yo gushushanya, muburyo bwo kunoza imiterere no kwangirika kw irangi. Primer nayo yahinduwe kuva spray ihindurwa igipfundikizo, bivuze ko ibice byumubiri byinjizwa muri pisine irangi, bigatuma birushaho kuba byiza ndetse no gutwikirwa neza, byemeza ko ahantu bigoye kugera nko mu mwobo nabyo bishobora gusiga irangi. .
Mu myaka ya za 1950, amasosiyete y'imodoka yasanze nubwo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwika dip, igice cy'irangi kizakomeza kwozwa mugihe cyakurikiyeho hamwe n'umuti, bikagabanya imikorere yo gukumira ingese. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, mu 1957, Ford yifatanije na PPG iyobowe na Dr. George Brewer. Ku buyobozi bwa Dr. George Brewer, Ford na PPG bakoze uburyo bwo gutwikira electrodeposition ubu bukoreshwa cyane.
Ford yahise ishinga iduka rya mbere rya anodic electrophoretic amarangi ku isi mu 1961. Ikoranabuhanga ryambere ryari rifite inenge, ariko, PPG yashyizeho uburyo bwiza bwo gutwika amashanyarazi ya catodiki ya cathodic hamwe n’ibifuniko bijyanye mu 1973.
Irangi kuramba kugirango ugabanye umwanda kumarangi ashingiye kumazi
Mu myaka ya za 70 rwagati kugeza mu mpera za 70, imyumvire yo kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije yazanywe n’ikibazo cya peteroli nayo yagize uruhare runini mu nganda z’irangi. Mu myaka ya za 80, ibihugu byashyizeho amabwiriza mashya y’imyororokere y’imyororokere (VOC), yatumaga amarangi y’irangi ya acrylic afite ibintu byinshi bya VOC kandi biramba ku buryo butemewe ku isoko. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bategereje kandi ingaruka zo gusiga umubiri kumara byibuze imyaka 5, bisaba gukemura igihe kirekire cyo kurangiza irangi.
Hamwe na lacquer igaragara neza nkigice cyo gukingira, irangi ryimbere ryimbere ntirigomba kuba rinini nka mbere, gusa urwego ruto cyane rukenewe muburyo bwo gushushanya. Imashini ya UV nayo yongewe kumurongo wa lacquer kugirango irinde pigment murwego rubonerana na primer, byongera cyane ubuzima bwa primer hamwe n irangi ryamabara.
Tekinike yo gusiga irangi ihenze kandi mubisanzwe ikoreshwa gusa murwego rwohejuru. Nanone, kuramba kw'ikoti risobanutse byari bibi, kandi byahita bivaho bigasaba gusiga irangi. Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, ariko, inganda z’imodoka n’inganda zisiga amarangi zakoze mu kuzamura ikoranabuhanga ry’imyenda, atari ukugabanya ibiciro gusa ahubwo no guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bwateje imbere ubuzima bw’ikoti risobanutse.
Tekinoroji yo gushushanya cyane
Ibihe bizaza byiterambere byiterambere, abantu bamwe muruganda bemeza ko nta tekinoroji yo gushushanya. Iri koranabuhanga ryinjiye mubuzima bwacu, kandi ibishishwa bya buri munsi kubikoresho byo murugo byakoresheje tekinoroji yo gushushanya. Igikonoshwa cyongeramo ibara rihuye ryifu ya nano yo murwego rwo guterwa inshinge, igahita ikora ibishishwa bifite amabara meza nuburyo bwumuringa, bitagikenewe gusigwa irangi na gato, bikagabanya cyane umwanda ukorwa no gushushanya. Mubisanzwe, irakoreshwa cyane mumamodoka, nka trim, grille, indorerwamo yibirahure, nibindi.
Ihame risa naryo rikoreshwa murwego rwicyuma, bivuze ko mugihe kizaza, ibikoresho byicyuma bikoreshwa nta gusiga irangi bizaba bifite urwego rukingira cyangwa se ibara ryuruganda. Ubu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kirere no mu gisirikare, ariko riracyari kure yo gukoreshwa n'abasivili, kandi ntibishoboka gutanga amabara atandukanye.
Incamake. urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rugenda rwiyongera. Abarangi bahoze bafata umwanda kandi bagakorera ahantu habi ntibakeka ko irangi ryimodoka ryubu ryateye imbere kandi riracyatera imbere. Igihe kizaza kizaba cyangiza ibidukikije, ubwenge kandi bukora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2022
